Physical activity level and factors associated with perceived stress among Peruvian university professors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the transition to remote work, triggering variations in stress and physical activity (PA), associated with context-specific instability. Objective: To identify the association between perceived stress (PS) and the level of physical activity (PA) and explore its relationship with the sociodemographic, family, work and individual characteristics of professors working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study based on a virtual survey of professors. PS was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and PA using an International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The prevalence of high PS and the association with PA were estimated using a Poisson regression analysis with robust variance that estimated crude prevalence ratios (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Five models were developed to assess associations of PS and PA with sociodemographic, family, work, and individual variables. Results: The information of 191 professors was analyzed; 39.27% were women, aged 52 (41-60). The prevalence of high stress was 47.12%. The age and being head of household did not show significant individual associations with PS. However, the regression analysis assessing the association of PS and other factors showed that compared to the moderate PA group, a statistically significant association was found between stress and high PA (aPR = 0.19; 0.06-0.59), low PA (aPR = 1.43; 1.02-2.01), mainly influenced by age, being head of household and sleep quality. Conclusion: Stress was associated with PA level, family and individual factors. These findings allow identifying characteristics, such as being head of household, age and quality of sleep among teachers, as being associated with a higher probability of having high stress. Subsequent studies should consider the role of individuals and working conditions as part of occupational health surveillance, given the presence of hybrid education in the education sector.

Stress in undergraduate students: knowing the effect of remote activities in the pandemic daily routine

The coronavirus pandemic brought an unprecedented disruption to society, with this, the impacts fostered by the crisis also extended to educational institutions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether higher education activities can be considered a stressor in a pandemic context. The sample consisted of 136 students with remote academic activities and 131 with suspended academic activities, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and an open question about the factors that have raised the level of stress in the months of April, May, June and July 2020. The textual corpus was processed with the aid of the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software. As a result, there were several stressors related or not related to academic activities for both groups, although the performance of digital academic activities has been pointed out with great frequency. Thus, digital academic activities are related to the level of stress among students © 2023 Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação – ANPEd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license

The impact of COVID-19 on the learning during the lockdown

COVID-19 pandemic led Spanish population to a mandatory lockdown between March and May 2020. This meant closing schools and moving the rest of the 2019-2020 academic year to an online format. This work analyzes how the educational process developed during lockdown and estimates the impact that the interaction between online education and parents' teleworking situation had on students' critical thinking skills. To do this, we collected data at the beginning and at the end of the 2019-2020 academic year on critical thinking from students at the third year of secondary education from 15 educational institutions in the Region of Madrid. Firstly, we concluded that public schools faced more difficulties than private government-dependent schools for continuing with the teaching-learning process. In order to follow online classes, 70% of the students in private government-dependent schools had a desktop or laptop compared to 40% of the students in public schools. Moreover, meanwhile 73% of the students in private publicly funded schools devoted more than 4 hours to classes and online tasks, this figure slightly exceeded 50% for students in public schools. Secondly, in general, the different work situations of parents did not have significant effects on students' critical thinking. However, we did find that, for students with academic results below the average at the beginning of the school year, the fact that the mother teleworked during school closing had a positive and significant impact on their academic results. This suggests that teleworking allowed mothers to provide greater support and supervision to their children. © 2023, Univ Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED). All rights reserved.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Two Pediatric Patients

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In the context of the current SARS-COV2 pandemic, multiple complications derived from infection have been described in the pediatric population;however, neurological involvement is rare. The objective is to describe two pediatric patients hospitalized during the SARS COV2 pandemic, who were admitted due to unspecified neurological symptoms, with a subsequent institutional diagnosis of Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS). METHOD(S): Description of two cases of pediatric patients with a diagnosis of SARS-COV2 infection and neurological symptoms treated at Fundacion Valle del Lili, with an inhospital diagnosis of Guillain Barre syndrome. Demographic data, clinical and pathological variables, treatment, and outcomes were collected and analyzed to describe the cases. RESULT(S): Male patients, 8 and 10 years old respectively, the first patient with no relevant history, patient # 2 with a history of asthma. Patient # 1 with respiratory symptoms associated with marked neurological symptoms, with sudden and progressive deterioration, clinical and electromyographic diagnosis of GBS managed with immunoglobulin and subsequent plasmapheresis. Patient # 2 with intense respiratory symptoms, requiring orotracheal intubation and vasoactive support, with subsequent neurological involvement, diagnosis of GBS, management with plasmapheresis. Both patients with recovery of mobility, rehabilitation and outpatient follow-up. CONCLUSION(S): In summary, these are the first reported cases of GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Colombia and the first case report in Latin America describing atypical GBS presentation. Although neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are infrequent, physicians must be aware to establish early diagnostic suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with neurological symptoms.

Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale in Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study

Background. Over 5.74 million COVID-19 cases have been reported in Mexico as of May 1, 2022. Determining the impact of COVID-19 on functional status is essential to assess health services needs. The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS) is a patient-reported tool that evaluates functional status over time after COVID-19, listing a wide range of functional limitations. We aimed to assess the functional status of Mexican patients after recovery from COVID-19. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted fromApril 11 to May 1, 2022, through an online survey that included demographic and clinical data, PCFS grades 0-4 and persistent symptoms. We included Mexicans aged >=18 years who recovered from COVID-19 (>=14 days since diagnosis), who resided in Mexico and agreed to participate. We posted the survey on Facebook and Twitter. We performed a descriptive analysis of demographic and clinical variables and assessed the relationship between symptoms and PCFS grade. Statistical analyses were conducted in Stata/SE 17.0. Results. Of 959 respondents, 838 (87%) met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mean age was 40 (IQR 34-46) years, 82% were female, and 40% lived in Mexico City. COVID-19 diagnosis ranged from March 21, 2020, to April 7, 2022, and mean days since diagnosis was 276 (IQR 91-480) days. Most (796, 95%) were treated as outpatients. In PCFS, 338 (40%) had no functional limitations (grade 0), 266 (32%) had negligible functional limitations (grade 1), 154 (18%) had slight functional limitations (grade 2), 44 (5%) had moderate functional limitations (grade 3), 12 (2%) had severe functional limitations (grade 4) and 24 (3%) had missing PCFS data. Overall, 654 (78%) completed the persistent symptoms section. Among them, 57% presented fatigue, 46% impaired concentration, and 10% were asymptomatic (Figure 1). Of those with >12 weeks since diagnosis, 88% (499/564) had at least one symptom. Conclusion. Although most participants had mild COVID-19 at diagnosis, we found a high prevalence of persistent symptoms (90%) and functional limitations (60%) after recovery, revealing the devastating impact of COVID-19 on quality of life. The PCFS may be a valuable and simple tool to screen patients who could benefit from referral to rehabilitation programs, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Miller Fisher syndrome: Adverse effect of booster dose for COVID-19

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been a challenge for public health, establishing the vaccine as the best tool for its prevention. Clinical case: We present the case of a patient in whom Miller Fisher syndrome was documented after receiving her booster dose with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Conclusion(s): At the moment, a causal relationship between vaccination against COVID-19 and the development of Miller Fisher syndrome cannot be established, but knowledge of this potential adverse effect is relevant for early diagnosis and timely treatment. Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Neurologica Argentina

Sintomatología depresiva y satisfacción laboral en medico sfamiliares durante la pandemia de covid-19

Objective: to identify depressive symptomatology and job satisfaction in family physicians at the Family Medicine Unit No. 49 in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.Methods: cross-sectional analytical study conducted from December 2020 to February 2021, 51 family physicians participated, the Beck-ii inventory was used to measure depression and the general scale of Warr, Cook and Wall to determine job satisfaction. Results: the age of the participants was 38.5 } 5.9 years, with a predominance of 54.9% women. Minimal depression was identified in 92.2% of participants and mild depression in 7.8%;in relation to job satisfaction, intrinsic factors were presented in a range of 27 to 47 points and extrinsic factors in a range of 34 to 54 points;depression and job satisfaction had a correlation of r=-0.40, p<0.01, indicating that as physicians experienced more job satisfaction they presented relatively less depression;there were no statistically significant differences with respect to gender and age group with depression and job satisfaction. Conclusions: no moderate or severe depressive symptomatology was reported, participants showed high job satisfaction. Age and gender did not correlate with the two variables of interest during one of the most important peaks of the covid-19 pandemic in Mexico.

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and motor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD)

Objective: We aimed to assess whether SARS-CoV2 vaccines have any positive or negative impact on motor symptoms in PD patients. Background: Studies focusing on the relationship between SARSCoV- 2, COVID-19 and PD have provided conflicting results (1). Recently, few cases of severe dyskinesia after receiving BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine have been reported but there is no data about impact of vaccines on motor symptoms in larger series of PD patients (2). Methods: We reviewed the charts of the last two months of consecutive PD patients who were attended monthly by telemedicine during the pandemic and who had received one or two doses of any of the SARSCoV- 2 vaccines available in Peru (BNT162b2, Pfizer/BioNTech and BBIBP-CorV, Sinopharm). We specifically searched for any reported variation on motor symptoms including dyskinesia during a period of at least three days after any of each dose. Results: One hundred eighty-one PD patients met inclusion criteria. 107 males and 74 females were included. Mean age was 65 years old (range 31-99). 178 patients received two doses of SARSCoV2 vaccine (177 Pfizer/BioNTech and 1 Sinopharm respectively) and three patients received only one dose of Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Eleven patients (6%) had COVID19 infection during the pandemic. The effect of the infection on parkinsonian symptoms was not evaluated in this report. Only two patients (1.1%) reported some degree of exacerbation following one of the dose of the vaccine. First one presented with increased rigidity and gait impairment soon after the first dose and the second case presented with increased resting tremor that lasted for two weeks also after the first dose. In both cases exacerbation improved spontaneously. Conclusion: The approved mRNA-based vaccines and viral vector vaccines are not expected to interact with the neurodegenerative process nor modify motor symptoms in PD. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not known neither to interfere with the current therapies for PD. Some patients have developed exacerbation of motor symptoms or severe dyskinesia after vaccination and the reasons remain unclear but they might be explained by triggering a systemic inflammatory response, by stress or excessive anxiety or due to modification of habitual medication response. These very low incidence should not discourage patients to receive vaccines and we recommend COVID-19 vaccination with approved vaccines for persons with PD, unless there is a specific contraindication.

PREVALENCE OF TASTE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 INFECTION AT THE SAN LUIS GRANDE URBAN CENTER

This study aims to determine the prevalence of taste disorders in patients diagnosed positive for COVID 19 infection in the San Luis Grande urban center. For this purpose, a descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed, with a sample of 292 patients through the use of surveys. Through the analysis of the data collected, the presence of several types of taste disorders was observed in the sample analyzed, with a prevalence of ageusia in the study sample. The results suggest that hypogeusia occurred suddenly in 53.3% of the cases reported, while ageusia and dysgeusia appear as symptoms mostly between the first and third day (56.7% and 43.3% respectively). It was also observed that the disorders analyzed had a predominant duration of 8 to 15 days. On the other hand, there was a predominance of reported cases of ageusia (48.03%) in the age groups 18 to 35, a prevalence of cases of hypogeusia in the age groups 36 to 55, while in the age range 56 to 70 there was a predominance of dysgeusia (31.67%).

COVID-19: risk perception and coping strategy in workers

Introduction: COVID-19 has posed a challenge to labor activities in the world favoring the modality of online work, as an alternative to avoid being present and thus increasing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The social behaviors of workers and administrations are associated with the risk perception regarding COVID-19.

Involving parents in the remote diagnosis of Autism during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of remotely providing a diagnosis of autism during the Coronavirus Disease pandemic of 2019. Methods A child psychiatrist guided the parents' Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) administration to assess their child's developmental delay through a video conference. Trained clinicians (n = 10) rated the recorded procedure. Interrater reliability for each item was evaluated using the kappa statistic and percent agreement. Results The mean percent agreement across all items was 96%, range = 85.96-100%, and mean weighted kappa = .81, range = .44-1. Conclusions This study highlights the feasibility of providing early identification and continuous psychiatric care during a pandemic lockdown.

[Respiratory physiotherapy in post-acute COVID-19 adult patients: Systematic review of literature]

BACKGROUND: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 present signs and symptoms that primarily involve the respiratory system. The sequelae result in impaired quality of life, pneumonia, dyspnea, fatigue, and joint pain. OBJECTIVE: To sustain with scientific evidence the importance of respiratory physiotherapy and its effects on post-acute COVID-19 adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). The searching period was carried out in February 2021 with a total of one 1229 potential studies. Finally, 5 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included: two clinical trials, two case reports and one cross-sectional study. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated. RESULTS: Respiratory muscle training, targeted breathing, and strength training provide significant data of improvement of functional performance. Evidence shows positive effects of respiratory physiotherapy in post-acute COVID-19 adult patients, since it increases resistance to exercise, it decreases fatigue, reduces dyspnea, improves functionality and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: More future studies, such as randomized controlled trials, studies including lower age range groups, and individualized approaches, need to be developed.

Frequency of occurrence and predictive validity of olfactory and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Background: Olfactory and taste dysfunction (OD and TD) have been considered symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although these clinical features may occur prior to the general symptoms of such infection, their presence in specific populations, especially those with mild symptoms, has not been clarified. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of OD and TD, and its predictive validity in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection detected in primary care. Research question: What is the frequency of OD and TD, and its predictive validity in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection detected in primary care? Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Spanish National Health System through an epidemiological survey administered to patients who required an RT-PCR test (real-time polymerase chain reaction in a nasal/pharyngeal swab) to detect SARS-CoV-2. Odds Ratio(OR)(s) were estimated to measure the magnitude of the association between OD or TD, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study sample also calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of these symptoms. Results: Of 1038 patients screened, 209 (20.1%) had SARS-CoV-2 infection. OD and DG were detected in 64.4% (95% CI: 56.0-72.1) and 56.2% (95% CI: 47.9-64.2) of subjects with infection, respectively. The OR for OD and TD was 12.2 (95% CI: 8.26-18.06) and 7.95 (95% CI: 5.48-11.53), respectively. OD showed a sensitivity of 45.0% (95% CI: 37.6-51.5), a specificity of 93.7% (95% CI: 91.8-95.0), a PPV of 64.4% (95% CI: 56.0-72.1), and a NPV of 87.1% (95% CI: 84.7-89.2) while the TD presented a sensitivity of 41.1% (95% CI: 34.4-46.1), a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI: 89.8-93.7), a PPV of 56.2% (95% CI: 48.0-64.2) and a NPV of 86.1% (95% CI: 83.6-88.3). Conclusion: More than half of the subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection have olfactory or taste dysfunction. These clinical features could be considered of diagnostic utility due to their ability to predict infection in more than half of the cases.

The effect of digital marketing on the management of relationships with university students in times of covid-19

The present study's main objective was to analyze and determine the impact of digital marketing on the management of relationships with university students in times of Covid-19. The study was conducted from a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental transactional correlational transactional research design. A questionnaire was applied to 400 students aged 18 to 37 years belonging to the Continental University of the city of Huancayo in Peru. The analysis of the results was developed through a data structure and tabulation model with the SmartPLS3 program and it was obtained that Content Marketing has a significant influence on the operational management of customer relationships (p<0.05), as well as on the analytical and collaborative management of customer relationships. As for Social Media Marketing, it was identified that it has a significant influence on operational customer relationship management (p<0.05), as well as on analytical and collaborative customer relationship management, due to the fact that the digital media used by Continental University are attractive to parents and families. It is concluded that Digital Marketing has a great impact on the management of relationships with students of the Continental University in the city of Huancayo in Peru. © 2022 by the authors;licensee Growing Science, Canada.

[Validation and adaptation into Spanish of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale]

Background: Mental health problems derived from the COVID-19 pandemic, including depression, anxiety, and stress, need to be identified. Objective: To validate and adapt the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) into Spanish. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a total of 303 individuals who answered the Covid-19 Anxiety Scale. Antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 were identified as a secondary comparison. Results: It was carried out the cross-cultural validation process recommended by the American Academy of Orthopeadic Surgeon (AAOS). It was obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.8493 (with an average interitem covariance of 0.2620). Conclusions: It was achieved a valid Spanish version of CAS to be used in routine clinical practice.

Febrile crisis as initial manifestation of COVID-19

Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease that has shown low morbidity and mortality in pediatrics. Febrile crises are one of the most common causes of admission to emergency services and consultations with the neuropediatrician. Objective: Interpret the presence of simple febrile crisis in patients admitted to pediatric emergency services as an initial manifestation of COVID-19. Case presentation: One-year-old female patient, with a previous health history, who is attended in the emergency service with a fever of 38 ℃ and motor crisis, of widespread onset, with tonic-clonic seizures, which yielded with antypiretic measures. By protocol, lumbar puncture is performed which is negative. She was admitted, and 24 hours later there is an onset of catarrhal manifestations;an otoscopy is performed and acute otitis media is diagnosed, so antibiotic treatment is initiated. The polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19 (PCR) is performed with a positive result, so, the patient is referred to the "San Miguel del Padrón" Pediatric Hospital. Conclusions: COVID-19 should be suspected in patients who attend to the emergency services due to a febrile crisis as the only health problem. COVID-19 is a disease that has been shown to occur in a variety of ways. © 2021, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

Forensic Assessment in the Time of COVID-19: The Colorado Experience in Developing Videoconferencing for Evaluating Adjudicative Competency

In this article, we briefly discuss how competency to proceed evaluations are conducted within the state of Colorado, the impact that COVID-19 had on forensic evaluations within the Colorado forensic services system, and the acquisition and adoption of videoconferencing (VC) capabilities. We then shift to an in-depth consideration of how VC forensic evaluations are facilitated in four different contexts: for adult defendants in custody, on bond, and in hospitals, and for juvenile defendants. Challenges and limitations are also addressed.